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                <h2 id="sql历史"><a href="#sql历史" class="headerlink" title="sql历史"></a><strong>sql历史</strong></h2><p>1.单机Mysql的年代<br>2.Memcached(缓存）+Mysql+垂直拆分<br>3.分库分表+水平拆分+Mysql集群</p>
<h3 id="Nosql与Sql"><a href="#Nosql与Sql" class="headerlink" title="Nosql与Sql"></a><strong>Nosql与Sql</strong></h3><p>关系型数据库：表格，行，列。<br>非关系型数据库，键值对存储，文档存储，列存储，图形数据库存储，没有固定的查询语言，满足最终一致性。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/15b3b7b2dec842c9ac6093cfe542c89b.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="redis（Remote-Dictionary-Server-—远程字典服务"><a href="#redis（Remote-Dictionary-Server-—远程字典服务" class="headerlink" title="redis（Remote Dictionary Server)—远程字典服务"></a><strong>redis（Remote Dictionary Server)—远程字典服务</strong></h2><p>redis是一个开源的使用ANSI C语言编写、支持网络、可基于内存亦可持久化的日志型、Key-Value数据库，并提供多种语言的API。<br>官方测试：读的速度110000次&#x2F;s,写的速度是81000次&#x2F;s</p>
<p>特型：<br>1.多样的数据类型。<br>2.持久化<br>3.集群<br>4.事务</p>
<h3 id="windows版本的安装"><a href="#windows版本的安装" class="headerlink" title="windows版本的安装"></a><strong>windows版本的安装</strong></h3><p>1.下载安装包：<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/releases">https://github.com/dmajkic/redis/releases</a><br>2.下载完毕得到压缩包，后解压<br>3.点击redis-server,点击redis-cli即可操作</p>
<h3 id="redis的安装及配置"><a href="#redis的安装及配置" class="headerlink" title="redis的安装及配置"></a><strong>redis的安装及配置</strong></h3><p>1.下载linux安装包<br><strong><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://redis.io/">https://redis.io/</a></strong><br>后下载即可<img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/060812a290ea4eb694cf187ac4d90ab0.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>2.解压后一般放在&#x2F;opt目录下<br>opt目录主要存放可选的程序。想删掉程序的时候，你就可 以直接删除它，而不影响系统其他任何设置。安装到&#x2F;opt目录下的程序，它所有的数据、库文件等等都是放在同个目录下面。</p>
<p>3.进入解压后的文件，可以看到redis的配置文件</p>
<p>4.基本环境安装</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">yum <span class="token function">install</span> gcc

<span class="token function">make</span>

<span class="token function">make</span> install//确认是否安装
</code></pre>
<p>redis的默认安装路径：usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;bin</p>
<p>5.将redis配置文件redis.conf拷贝到usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;bin的目录下，以后只需要用此配置文件就看启动，确保原生配置安全。</p>
<p>6.redis默认不是后台启动，修改配置文件，进入redis.conf,改这个为yes</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/4bf54dd35d7c42a8b0cbffec17f0610f.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>7.启动redis服务<br>在&#x2F;usr&#x2F;local&#x2F;bin目录下输入linux命令</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">redis-server 文件名/redis.conf
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">redis-cli -p 6379
</code></pre>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">ping</span>
</code></pre>
<p>如打印出pong则连接成功，可继续继续操作。&#x2F;</p>
<p>查询redis进程信息。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash"><span class="token function">ps</span> -ef<span class="token operator">|</span><span class="token function">grep</span> redis
</code></pre>
<p>关闭redis连接<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/cbd759e4d9cd4ca9ad7f69d933081ccc.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br><strong>测试性能</strong></p>
<p>redis-benchmark是一个压力测试工具<br>命令参数如下<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210711093648447.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>如:</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">lis-benchmark -h localhost -p 6379 -c 100 -n 100000
</code></pre>
<h2 id="Redis基础知识"><a href="#Redis基础知识" class="headerlink" title="Redis基础知识"></a><strong>Redis基础知识</strong></h2><p>多线程（cpu上下文会切换）不一定比单线程效率高<br>对redis来说，redis是单线程的，但是速度极快，redis是将数据全部放在内存中的，所以用单线程去操作效率就是最高的，对内存系统来说，如果没有上下文切换效率就是最高的，多次读写都是在一个cpu上。</p>
<p>redis一共16个数据库，默认存在第0个里面，<br>select  指切换数据库，<br>dbsize指查看现存数据大小，<br>set name xia,存入数据，<br>get name 读数据，<br>key *查看所有数据，<br>flushdb清空当前库，<br>flushall清空所有数据库，<br>exists name判断name是否存在,<br>move name 1指从当前库移除,<br>expire name 10设置name过期时间为10s，<br>ttl name值查看当前剩余时间，<br>type name查看name的类型。</p>
<h3 id="string-类"><a href="#string-类" class="headerlink" title="string 类"></a><strong>string 类</strong></h3><p>append name hello,在name后追加hallo字符串（如果当前name不存在，就相当于set name)。<br>strlen name获取字符串长度。<br>incr i,相当于i++，<br>decr i,相当于i–；<br>incrby i 10,一次增加10，<br>decrby i 10,一次减少10。<br>getrange name 0 3(闭区间）截取name中0到3的字符串。<br>getrange name 0 -1和get name含义相同。<br>setrange name 1 xx,修改如neme为hello,则为hxxlo。<br>setex key2 30 hello,设置30s过期。<br>setnx如果值已经存在则设置会失败。<br>mset k1 hello k2 hello2 k3 hello3批量设置。<br>msetnx，其中如果有一个失败则全失败,一起成功，一起失败。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210711112042129.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210711112020573.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>getset先get再set。</p>
<h3 id="list类"><a href="#list类" class="headerlink" title="list类"></a><strong>list类</strong></h3><p>里面的值可以重复<br>所有的list命令都是l开头的<br>lpush从左边放值，<br>rpush从右边放值，<br>lrange list 0 -1。也可以通过区间获取具体值。<br>lpop左边移除rpop右边移除。<br>lindex list 0获取list的第一个值，通过下标获取值<br>llen list查看list中多少元素。<br>lrem list 1 one 从左到右移除一个值为one的元素。<br> ltrim list 0 1只保留0，1两个元素。<br> rpoplpush list list1移list表中最后一个元素到list1中去。<br> lset list 0 item将列表中指定下标的值替换成另外一个值，要求值开始必须存在。<br> linsert list before two one在two前插入one,还有after在其后插入。</p>
<h3 id="set类"><a href="#set类" class="headerlink" title="set类"></a><strong>set类</strong></h3><p>set中的值不能重复。<br>sadd myset hello往myset中添加hello元素。<br>smembers myset查看myset中所有值。<br>sismember myset hello判断hello是不是myset里面的元素。<br>scard myset获取myset中的元素个数。<br>srem myset hello移除myset中指定的元素。<br>srandmember myset获取myset中随机一个元素值。<br>spop myset随机删除（弹出）一个元素。<br>smove myset myset1 hello移动myset中指定元素到myset1中。<br>sdiff myset myset1找两集合中不同的元素（只显示第一个集合中有第二个集合中没有的值）。<br>sinter myset myset1查找共同的元素。<br>sunion myset myset1查找两集合中所有的元素（不重复）。</p>
<h3 id="hash-key-value类型）（相当于key"><a href="#hash-key-value类型）（相当于key" class="headerlink" title="hash(key-value类型）（相当于key-"></a><strong>hash(key-value类型）</strong>（相当于key-<key-value></h3><p>hset myhash name xia存值。<br>hget myhash name取值。<br>hmset myhash name value1 name1 value2同时设置多个值。<br>hmget myhash name name同时提取多个值。<br>hgetall myhash获取myhash中全部的数据。<br>hdel myhash name删除myhash中的指定值。<br>hlen myhash查看当前myhash中字段数量。<br>hexists myhash name1判断myhash中是否存在name1。<br>hkeys myhash只获取myhash中所有key。<br>hvals myhash只获取myhash中所有value。<br>hincrby myhash name 1自增1（hdecrby,hincr等不可实现）。<br>hsetnx myhash name value如果不存在则可设置。</p>
<h3 id="zset（有序集合）"><a href="#zset（有序集合）" class="headerlink" title="zset（有序集合）"></a><strong>zset（有序集合）</strong></h3><p> zadd salary 2000 one 1000 two给定一个序号(序号可以重复）方便操作。<br> zrangebyscore  salary -inf +inf从负无穷到正无穷按照salary排序，只能从小到大。<br> zrem salary one移除元素。<br> zrange salary 0 -1查找所有元素。<br> zcard salary获取元素个数。<br> zcount salary 100 1000获取指定区间的成员数量。</p>
<p><strong>geospatial</strong>（可以zset操作）</p>
<p>添加地理位置（两级无法添加）。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">geadd china:city  114.05 22.52 shanghai
</code></pre>
<p>获取当前定位（经度和纬度）</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">geopos china:city shanghai
</code></pre>
<p>查询两个位置之间的距离（默认单位是米，可以自己设置，单位有m(米），km(千米），mi(英里），ft(英尺）。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">geodist china:city shenghai xian km
</code></pre>
<p>以给定的经纬度为中心，找出某一半径内的元素。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">georadius china:city 110 30 1000 km
</code></pre>
<p>找出指定元素周围的其他元素。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">georadiusbymember china:city xian 1000 km
</code></pre>
<p>返回11个字符的geohash字符串，字符串越相似代表距离越接近。</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">geohash china:city xian
</code></pre>
<h3 id="Hyperloglog-基数统计）-允许容错时使用）"><a href="#Hyperloglog-基数统计）-允许容错时使用）" class="headerlink" title="Hyperloglog(基数统计）(允许容错时使用）"></a><strong>Hyperloglog(基数统计）(允许容错时使用）</strong></h3><p>基数（不重复的元素），hyperloglog当数字过多时可以接受误差。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/b9b4c185aa104854bf27c41e12120457.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>放入元素</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">pfadd mykey a b c d e f g h i j
</code></pre>
<p>统计数目</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">pfcount mykey
</code></pre>
<p>合并mykey,mykey1为mykey3</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">pfmerge mykey3 mykey mykey1
</code></pre>
<h3 id="Bitmap-位存储）"><a href="#Bitmap-位存储）" class="headerlink" title="Bitmap(位存储）"></a><strong>Bitmap(位存储）</strong></h3><p>只有两个状态的时候使用</p>
<p>设置第三天时状态为1，第四天时状态为0</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">setbit sign 3 1
setbit sign 4 0
</code></pre>
<p>查看第三天状态</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">getbit sign 3
</code></pre>
<p>统计状态为1的总天数</p>
<pre class=" language-bash"><code class="language-bash">bitcount sign
</code></pre>
<h2 id="事务"><a href="#事务" class="headerlink" title="事务"></a><strong>事务</strong></h2><p>redis是单线程的，redis瓶颈是根据机器的内存和网络带宽。<br>事务本质：一组命令的集合<br>redis单条命令保证原子性（要么同时成功，要么同时失败）的，但是事务不保证原子性。具有一次性，顺序性，排他性。<br>redis事务没有隔离级别的概念，只有发起执行命令的时候才会执行。</p>
<p>redis的事务：<br>1.开启事务（multi）<br>2.命令入队（…）<br>3.执行事务（exec）（执行完后事务就结束）<br>4.放弃事务（discard）（一旦放弃，事务都不会被执行）<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2021071118215324.png" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>编译型异常（代码有问题，命令有错），事务中所有命令不会执行。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/936ecb5df0f947b79c0ff7a90cd26f38.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<p>运行时异常（如1&#x2F;0），其他命令可以执行，错误命令抛出异常。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/e25f5491414640019df304fdb126a00d.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"></p>
<h2 id="监控-事物执行成功，监控自动取消）"><a href="#监控-事物执行成功，监控自动取消）" class="headerlink" title="监控(事物执行成功，监控自动取消）"></a><strong>监控(事物执行成功，监控自动取消）</strong></h2><p>1.悲观锁：很悲观，认为什么时候都会出问题，无论做什么都会加锁。（效率很低）<br>2.乐观锁：很乐观，认为什么时候都不会出问题，所以不会上锁。更新数据的时候去判断一下在此期间是否有人修改过这个数据（用version版本号表示）。<br>3.<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20210711191915331.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3FxXzUxMTI3MzYx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="在这里插入图片描述"><br>事务执行失败，先解锁，unwatch解锁。</p>

                
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